Chinese Ming Dynasty Mark Blue and White Gardenia Pattern Porcelain Bowl. Simple floral exterior design. Double circle mark on underside translates to "Made during the Chenghua Period of the Ming Dynasty." 

Size: 3 1/4 x 3 1/4 x 1 3/4 in. 

The Ming Dynasty ruled China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. It was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by the Han people, the majority ethnic group in China. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng (who established the short-lived Shun Dynasty), numerous rump regimes ruled by remnants of the Ming imperial family (collectively called the Southern Ming) survived until 1662. The period was renowned as an extraordinary period of innovation in the manufacture of ceramics and porcelains, with the major production center the imperial kilns at Jingdezhen in Jiangxi province. The Yongle Emperor (1402-24) was especially curious about other countries, and encouraged shapes inspired by Islamic metalwork. Enamelled decoration was perfected under the Chenghua Emperor (1464-87), and greatly sought after by contemporary collectors. Decorative improvements and increased international trade relationships led to a dramatic shift towards a market economy, exporting porcelain around the world on an unprecedented scale. The numerous civil wars leading up to the Qing Dynasty led to a total collapse of the industry as the Jiangxi kilns went unattended, and Ming works from both the Early and Late periods are still highly prized, even with their massive proliferation.

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